2012 in Review: My Top 5 Weather Events!

Hello guys, another year has flown by and for weather lovers, 2012 did not disappoint! The Northeast experienced its share of wild weather and I would like to present a recap of what my favorites of 2012 were based on my first-hand accounts and their significance and overall impact. Without further ado, here is my list from number five to number one:

5. March Heat Wave and Drought

April 17th U.S. Drought Monitor shows severe drought across Southern New England

As you may know, last winter was one of the most lackluster seasons following the incredible, "once-in-a-lifetime" October nor'easter (dubbed "Snowtober" by media outlets) which I will remember for a long, long, long time. But it is not easily forgotten the winter of 2011-2012 brought together an incredible heat wave during the month of March. Warm air surged from the south into the Midwest and Northeast and broke numerous high temperature records everywhere. Locally, between March 18th-23rd, temperatures rose above 70 degrees and even lower 80s were seen in the Springfield area. On March 22nd, the thermometer reached 82°F in Springfield. Normal highs for this time of year is mid 40s! If my math is correct, that is 30°F+ above average! Remarkable! In some days, daily lows were higher than normal highs. Crazy. I think many could attest that it was very strange wearing shorts and short sleeved shirts outside while the calendar still showed March.

Also, the heat wave caused abnormally dry conditions in Southern New England and during the time we saw Red Flag Warnings hoisted due to the lack of precipitation. On April 4th, a major brush fire damaged 52 acres in Brimfield, MA. In mid-April, at its worst, the U.S. Drought Monitor had Southern New England under a moderate to severe drought. Beneficial rains finally arrived near the end of April and slowly but surely, the drought eventually subsided.

4. May 29th Moderate Risk

May 29, 2012 4:23PM EDT - Squall line producing a ton of lightning. At that
time, a tornado warning was issued for Vermont.

Here in New England, boring spring rainstorms are an ordeal you have to go through before thunderstorms start appearing in the summertime. There already a few severe ones as early as March but none that matched the scope of this one. On the morning of May 29th, the Storm Prediction Center (SPC) issued a moderate risk across the border in eastern NY for severe thunderstorms capable of producing tornadoes. Since the date was very close to the first anniversary of the Springfield tornado, I became concerned about potential damage from this latest severe weather outbreak. NWS Albany issued a Tornado Watch for Eastern NY and Berkshire County in Western Mass out ahead of the massive squall line that had taken shape across VT stretching all the way down into TN! It was huge! Looking at radar images, the squall line possessed amazing structure and I was excited but concerned at the same time because the line was bearing down on my area. Despite a few tornado warnings issued in NY and VT, the line weakened upon approach and we were spared from the worst. An EF0 tornado did touchdown in the Northeast Kingdom of VT but fortunately it was in a rural area.

3. August 10th "Landicane"

August 10, 2012 4:27PM EDT - Mesoscale Convective Vortex over Hartford
prompting tornado warnings. Rotation evident on radar.

Landicane is a made up term for a phenomenon called mesoscale convective vortex (MCV). Basically, on radar, it looks like a hurricane on land hence the name.  A distinctive "eye" could be seen along the center of the swirling low pressure system. On August 10th, the center of a beautiful mesoscale convective vortex went across the Connecticut River Valley prompting severe thunderstorm warnings and tornado warnings. A confirmed tornado touched down on Block Island in Rhode Island, a first for that area on record. As the center moved toward Hartford, the National Weather Service issued a tornado warning east of the city. That tornado warning extended into the Monson area which was a region devastated by the tornado last year. What was strange throughout was the fact that there were few lightning detected, if at all! It looked and felt like a tropical cyclone on land. Thankfully, nothing really came out of it and thereafter it began to lose its structure as it moved northward.

2. July 26th Northeast "Derecho"

WHOA is right!

July 26, 2012 5:52PM EDT - "Derecho" at its late stage approaching CT. It
moved southeast and weakened.

Entering this event, there was a lot of hype about another derecho following the one that barreled through the Mid-Atlantic causing widespread damage everywhere. SPC issued a moderate risk in its Day 2 Convective Outlook...an unprecedented move here in the Northeast! Something big was cooking. The line began over Lake Erie and spread across Ohio and Pennsylvania prompting severe thunderstorm warnings and tornado warnings along its path. The line really began to bow. During the peak of its life, the SPC became very concerned and even thought about issuing a HIGH RISK for the Northeast. Say what? High risk? The only other time the Northeast had a high risk was on May 31, 1998. So basically it's very rare to see one issued. If they did go ahead and place my area under a high risk, I would have fallen out of my seat! Anyways, as almost all promising storms do, once it neared Southern New England, the line weakened into a mere gusty rainstorm and by the end of it, I was just lucky to hear thunder. However, places in New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio bore the brunt of the storm and widespread power outages occurred there. An EF1 tornado touched down in Elmira, NY causing extensive damage.

1. Hurricane Sandy

Satellite image of Hurricane Sandy

Overwhelmingly, the top weather story of 2012 belongs to Hurricane Sandy. There's no words to describe the damage done along the coastlines of New Jersey, New York City, and Connecticut. Devastating. It's all too real when you see stories of people that don't have anywhere to go after their homes were severely damaged from flooding and winds. It reveals just how vulnerable the Northeast is to hurricanes. Even though it was a Category 1 upon landfall (yeah, I'm not going to go into the story about how the NHC failed to issue hurricane warnings), the storm was MASSIVE, even larger than Hurricane Irene last year. I felt like people failed to take proper precautions until the final days when it appeared imminent, like they didn't think it would happen to them until reality strikes them. Even making the situation worse were the mixed messages government officials made in the handling of Sandy. The mayor of New York City, Mayor Bloomberg, at first opted not to evacuate low-lying areas of the city before doing a 360 and saying the storm was "serious and dangerous" and called for immediate evacuations in certain zones. Really? You should have told us in the first place or better yet if you're unsure, not say anything until details were clearer.

Anyways, rant over. Even though management could be improved, this is not to take away the power and devastation of Sandy. Computer models were showing a potentially significant hurricane hitting the Northeast weeks ago. Usually hurricanes that make it to the Northeast race north and weaken into an extratropical cyclone as it encounters colder waters. Sandy took a very unusual track never before seen; it swerved right out to sea before turning north and eventually northwest toward the East Coast. Also, Sandy strengthened due to baroclinic instability even though Sandy was barely Category 1 strength, the enormity of Sandy and the flooding rainfalls associated with it made Sandy a formidable storm, a "superstorm" as coined by media. And not to mention Sandy formed near the end of October, a time usually unfavorable for hurricane development. Sandy made Irene of last year a walk in a park. Although Sandy was impressive, I still think it doesn't match the power of the 1938 New England hurricane. I can't imagine the Northeast today withstanding a repeat of the 1938 hurricane. Power grids could be knocked out for months on end. Overall, I hope Sandy taught us many lessons going forward and I hope we can apply those lessons toward future hurricanes. It's not a question of if, but when the next one may strike. And as history has shown, it could be even stronger than Sandy.

Notables

Northern MA March Severe Thunderstorms

March 14, 2012 1220AM EDT - TVS indicated in severe cell near the Fitchburg area

The incredible March heat wave contributed to a round of severe thunderstorms. On the night of March  13th, a small line of thunderstorms moved through northern MA. It became severe just east of Greenfield and the National Weather Service in Taunton issued a rare severe thunderstorm warning in winter. As it continued its trek, another severe thunderstorm warning was issued for the Fitchburg area 10 minutes after midnight. Reports of hail came in. What was most amazing and why it deserved to be notable was the fact that a TVS (Tornado Vortex Signature) was spotted on radar showing signs of broad rotation. Crazy for winter! Thankfully, the radar was wrong and no tornadoes touched down.

Maine Earthquake

October 16, 2012 7:12PM EDT - 4.0 earthquake struck 4km west of Hollis
Center, Maine

I know, technically not a weather event, but I love earthquakes as much as the weather. So when an earthquake strikes the East Coast, I become excited because they are rare and far in between. The Virginia earthquake last year provided me a thrill because it was the first time I ever felt an earthquake! On October 16th, a 4.0 earthquake struck Maine. There were reports of it being felt across New England. This time around, I did not feel a thing though others near it would say otherwise. Fortunately, no damage was reported. Who would have thought we have two earthquakes along the East Coast in a span of two years? We're not California, jeez. ;)

November Nor'easter

November 7, 2012 9:45PM EST - Satellite image of the nor'easter exiting
out to sea

About 10 days after Hurricane Sandy made landfall, a rare, early-season nor'easter hit regions that were devastated by Sandy. Talk about insult to injury! The weird thing was I received next to nothing because of the dry air in place north of the Mass Pike while the coast got drilled by inches of snow. Accumulating snow along the coastlines damaged by Irene hampered recovery efforts.

December 29th Nor'easter

This happened recently. Refer to my last few blog posts for details. :-)

I hope you enjoyed reading! Odds are 2013 will bring another round of active and exciting weather!

December 29th Nor'easter Recap: Snowfall Totals

Another snowstorm impacted New England and we saw locations received additional snow on top of the snow that had already fallen not so long ago on Wednesday. This time around, no mixing was involved here in Western Mass although near the coastlines, precipitation initially started out as rain before turning back over to snow. What was most impressive about this system was the massive drop in the central low pressure in a short period of time resulting in it undergoing rapid cyclogenesis, or "bombing out", so to speak. Areas southeast in CT, inland RI, and southeast MA received the heaviest snow. In my eyes, the storm definitely exceeded expectations and overperformed. Here are snowfall totals from the National Weather Service in Western Massachusetts:

...BERKSHIRE COUNTY...
   LANESBOROUGH           6.0   809 AM 12/30  WEATHERNET6
   PITTSFIELD             5.2   845 AM 12/30  WEATHERNET6
   ALFORD                 5.0   718 AM 12/30  WEATHERNET6
   RICHMOND               5.0   632 PM 12/29  SPOTTER
   SAVOY                  5.0  1052 PM 12/29  WEATHERNET6
   BECKET                 4.5   600 PM 12/29  SPOTTER

...FRANKLIN COUNTY...
   DEERFIELD              7.5  1237 AM 12/30  HAM RADIO
   TURNERS FALLS          5.5   910 AM 12/30  HAM RADIO
   ASHFIELD               5.5   645 AM 12/30  TRAINED SPOTTER
   SHELBURNE              5.0   556 AM 12/30  GENERAL PUBLIC
   LEYDEN                 5.0   909 AM 12/30  HAM RADIO
   SUNDERLAND             4.9   800 AM 12/30  CO-OP
   GREENFIELD             4.5   712 AM 12/30  GENERAL PUBLIC
   CHARLEMONT             4.5   750 AM 12/30  TRAINED SPOTTER
   HEATH                  3.8   855 AM 12/30  HAM RADIO

...HAMPDEN COUNTY...
   LUDLOW                10.3   730 AM 12/30  TRAINED SPOTTER
   SOUTHWICK              8.2  1151 PM 12/29  TRAINED SPOTTER
   WESTFIELD              8.0   830 AM 12/30  CO-OP
   MONSON                 7.5  1108 PM 12/29  HAM RADIO
   AGAWAM                 7.0   119 AM 12/30  HAM RADIO
   WEST SPRINGFIELD       7.0   908 AM 12/30  HAM RADIO
   CHICOPEE               7.0   909 AM 12/30  HAM RADIO
   WALES                  6.5  1035 PM 12/29  HAM RADIO
   CHESTER                6.0   850 AM 12/30  HAM RADIO
   BLANDFORD              5.5   909 AM 12/30  HAM RADIO

...HAMPSHIRE COUNTY...
   WARE                   6.2   830 AM 12/30  CO-OP
   WORTHINGTON            5.6   720 AM 12/30  CO-OP
   NORTHAMPTON            5.2   926 PM 12/29  HAM RADIO
   EASTHAMPTON            5.0   920 PM 12/29  GENERAL PUBLIC
   AMHERST                3.9   800 AM 12/30  CO-OP
   AMHERST CENTER         3.8  1258 PM 12/30  NONE
   GRANBY                 3.5   100 PM 12/30  NONE
   BELCHERTOWN            3.5   107 PM 12/30  HAM RADIO

December 29th Snowstorm: What to Expect

The first week of winter has gone by and what a way to kick things off! We are already into our third "snow event" of the season (fourth if you count the November one) which is remarkable considering how dull last year's winter was. So here are the details on what to expect today. In the morning, clouds will increase and gradually light snow overspreads the region by mid-morning or early afternoon. The good news is it should be a quick mover and be gone by Saturday night or very early Sunday at the latest. Also, we won't have to deal with mixed precipitation which is always good and the snow coming down should be "fluffier" and therefore easier to shovel unlike the previous storm three days ago. As low pressure passes across coastal waters southeast of Southern New England, light to moderate snow develops in the afternoon hours. Heavier bands could form the further southeast one is. Be advised that snow can reduce visibility to less than a quarter miles at times and road conditions will be slick. Conditions should improve starting around dinner time and end by Saturday night but not without leaving plowable snow behind for much of the area.

Due to the inconsistency of computer models on how they are handling this strengthening storm, my confidence is fairly low. That means impacts could potentially be lower or stronger than previously thought. A thing that has me concerned is if the system moves slower or closer as suggested by a few computer models, that would mean a stronger, more powerful storm in turn increasing snowfall totals substantially. If I were to bust (not saying I am!!!), most likely it would be on the high side. It is awful to have low confidence going into an event but it is what it is. So with that in mind, here are the amounts I am forecasting across Western Massachusetts. Most of the region should see a general 2-4" of snow with higher amounts across Eastern Hampden County where 3-6" is likely since they are closer to the center of the storm. Further away to the northwest, 1-3" is expected. I have also included a Southern New England snowfall map which shows where the jackpot amounts are located: Northern RI, Northeast CT, and parts of inland Southeast MA. 4-8" is my best bet in those areas. After the storm departs, colder air arrives in time for next week and New Years. As always, you can follow me on Twitter (@SenhW) where I will bring you the latest developments of this impending snowstorm. Stay safe everyone and keep warm!

Post-Christmas Snowstorm Recap: Snowfall Totals

Well, here it is, our first solid snowpack of the season! After receiving a light coating of snow in most places on Christmas to much of everyone's delight, two days later we were treated with another round of snow! This time, Western Massachusetts saw an appreciable accumulating event. Snowfall accumulations ranged from a couple of inches in the valleys to more than a foot across northern regions. Generally the further north a location was, the higher snowfall totals were. Rain and sleet mixed in limited the amount of snow in southern parts of the region. Heath, MA in Franklin County claimed the jackpot where they received 15" of snow! Here are snowfall totals reported by the National Weather Service throughout Western Massachusetts:

...BERKSHIRE COUNTY...
   WINDSOR               13.4   203 PM 12/27  TRAINED SPOTTER
   STOCKBRIDGE           12.0  1115 AM 12/27  AMATEUR RADIO
   NORTH OTIS            11.5  1150 AM 12/27  TRAINED SPOTTER
   ADAMS                 10.5   525 PM 12/27  METEOROLOGIST
   LANESBOROUGH           7.5   458 PM 12/27  WEATHERNET6
   ALFORD                 5.5  1148 AM 12/27  WEATHERNET6
   WILLIAMSTOWN           4.5   948 AM 12/27  SPOTTER
   PITTSFIELD             4.0   719 AM 12/27  WEATHERNET6
   HANCOCK                3.0   720 AM 12/27  WEATHERNET6

...FRANKLIN COUNTY...
   HEATH                 15.0   241 PM 12/27  HAM RADIO
   SHELBURNE             14.0   246 PM 12/27  GENERAL PUBLIC
   CHARLEMONT            11.0  1248 PM 12/27  HAM RADIO
   LEYDEN                11.0   305 PM 12/27  NONE
   GREENFIELD            10.5   157 PM 12/27  NONE
   SUNDERLAND             5.6   700 AM 12/27  NWS COOP

...HAMPDEN COUNTY...
   CHESTER                9.0   328 PM 12/27  HAM RADIO
   SOUTHWICK              8.3   347 PM 12/27  NONE
   BLANDFORD              7.5  1143 AM 12/27  HAM RADIO
   WESTFIELD              6.3   102 AM 12/27  HAM RADIO
   MONTGOMERY             6.0   706 AM 12/27  HAM RADIO
   LUDLOW                 6.0   240 AM 12/27  TRAINED SPOTTER
   HOLYOKE                6.0   649 AM 12/27  HAM RADIO
   PALMER                 4.0   648 AM 12/27  HAM RADIO
   WEST SPRINGFIELD       4.0  1159 PM 12/26  HAM RADIO
   WALES                  4.0   103 AM 12/27  HAM RADIO
   CHICOPEE               3.0  1125 PM 12/26  HAM RADIO
   MONSON                 2.0   920 PM 12/26  HAM RADIO

...HAMPSHIRE COUNTY...
   PLAINFIELD            14.3   343 PM 12/27  NONE
   CUMMINGTON             9.3   907 AM 12/27  TRAINED SPOTTER
   WORTHINGTON            7.9   700 AM 12/27  NWS COOP
   WESTHAMPTON            6.5   200 AM 12/27  TRAINED SPOTTER
   NORTHAMPTON            6.2   732 AM 12/27  NONE
   SOUTH HADLEY           6.0   120 PM 12/27  NONE
   EASTHAMPTON            6.0   745 AM 12/27  HAM RADIO
   GRANBY                 5.7   806 AM 12/27  HAM RADIO
   BELCHERTOWN            3.5   930 AM 12/27  HAM RADIO
   AMHERST                3.2   730 AM 12/27  GENERAL PUBLIC
   WARE                   3.0  1116 PM 12/26  HAM RADIO

Post-Christmas Snowstorm: What to Expect

(CLICK TO ENLARGE)

A large storm system that produced numerous tornadoes and wintry conditions across the Deep South Christmas Day is set to impact the Northeast and New England later this afternoon and evening. The National Weather Service has issued Winter Storm Warnings for all of Western Massachusetts for heavy snow with the possibility of icing as well. I expect snow to enter the region this evening from southwest to northeast. As temperatures drop overnight, heavy snow may fall especially across the higher regions of the Berkshires. From Wednesday evening to Thursday morning is where the heaviest activity will occur before warmer air gradually takes over and changes over to rain in the valleys tomorrow afternoon. But before the changeover, I expect 4-8" for the Springfield area up to Northampton; 5-10" directly outside those locations and up to a foot possible across the Berkshires and Franklin County including Greenfield. Check out the snow map above for further details. Colder air should be harder to budge in locations north and west of the Pioneer Valley and we may stay all snow or in the most likely case, a changeover to a wintry mix of sleet and freezing rain. So, in short, rain in the valleys and a wintry mix for points north and west of the valleys Thursday afternoon. After the low exits the area, rain should turn back to snow for a short period Thursday evening before it is said and done around 10PM Thursday. Stay safe and check my Twitter (@SenhW) for continuous updates throughout the storm!

Autumn 2012 Climate Summary

These are the Autumn of 2012 climate summaries plus daily weather data for the five ASOS stations in Western Massachusetts. Once December is over, expect a monthly recap and a yearly roundup as well!

KCEF (Springfield/Chicopee) Autumn

September 2012 Daily Data
October 2012 Daily Data
November 2012 Daily Data

Temperature (°F)
Average High: 62.1
Average Low: 40.6
Highest: 88 (9/7)
Lowest: 15 (11/6)
Lowest High: 34 (11/27)
Highest Low: 68 (9/7)
Days with Highs 90 or Above: 0
Days with Highs 32 or Below: 0
Days with Lows 32 or Below: 28
Days with Lows 0 or Below: 0

Dew Point (°F)
Highest: 74 (9/5)
Lowest: 3 (11/30)

Weather
Thunderstorm Days: 6
Foggy Days: 22
Snow Days: 3

Precipitation
Total: 7.90"
Highest Daily: 1.16" (9/28)
Days with 0.01 Inch or More: 29
Days with 0.10 Inch or More: 15
Days with 0.50 Inch or More: 8
Days with 1.00 Inch or More: 1

Wind Speed
Highest Wind Gust: 53 mph (9/8)

Sea Level Barometric Pressure
Highest: 30.73" (11/18)
Lowest: 29.04" (10/29) *SANDY*

KBAF (Westfield) Autumn

September 2012 Daily Data
October 2012 Daily Data
November 2012 Daily Data

Temperature (°F)
Average High: 62.2
Average Low: 41.8
Highest: 87 (9/1)
Lowest: 17 (11/6)
Lowest High: 34 (11/30)
Highest Low: 66 (9/1, 9/5, 9/7)
Days with Highs 90 or Above: 0
Days with Highs 32 or Below: 0
Days with Lows 32 or Below: 23
Days with Lows 0 or Below: 0

Dew Point (°F)
Highest: 72 (9/5, 9/8)
Lowest: -2 (11/30)

Weather
Thunderstorm Days: 3
Foggy Days: 11
Snow Days: 5

Precipitation
Total: 9.36"
Highest Daily: 1.36" (10/19)
Greatest 24-Hour: 1.37" (9/8-9/9)
Days with 0.01 Inch or More: 31
Days with 0.10 Inch or More: 15
Days with 0.50 Inch or More: 6
Days with 1.00 Inch or More: 4

Wind Speed
Highest Wind Gust: 51 mph out of the NE (10/29) *SANDY*

Sea Level Barometric Pressure
Highest: 30.74" (11/18)
Lowest: 29.04" (10/29) *SANDY*

KPSF (Pittsfield) Autumn

September 2012 Daily Data
October 2012 Daily Data
November 2012 Daily Data

Temperature (°F)
Average High: 57.5
Average Low: 39.8
Highest: 82 (9/1, 9/7)
Lowest: 18 (11/6)
Lowest High: 32 (11/25)
Highest Low: 63 (9/4)
Days with Highs 90 or Above: 0
Days with Highs 32 or Below: 1
Days with Lows 32 or Below: 24
Days with Lows 0 or Below: 0

Dew Point (°F)
Highest: 70 (9/4, 9/5, 9/8)
Lowest: 8 (11/30)

Weather
Thunderstorm Days: 3
Foggy Days: 21
Snow Days: 7

Precipitation
Total: 11.38"
Highest Daily: 2.16" (9/18)
Greatest 24-Hour: 2.25" (9/18-9/19)
Days with 0.01 Inch or More: 31
Days with 0.10 Inch or More: 17
Days with 0.50 Inch or More: 10
Days with 1.00 Inch or More: 3

Wind Speed
Highest Wind Gust: 58 mph out of the E (10/29) *SANDY*

Sea Level Barometric Pressure
Highest: 30.71" (11/18)
Lowest: 28.98" (10/29) *SANDY*

KAQW (North Adams) Autumn

September 2012 Daily Data
October 2012 Daily Data
November 2012 Daily Data

Temperature (°F)
Average High: 59.7
Average Low: 39.8
Highest: 83 (9/1, 9/7)
Lowest: 17 (11/6)
Lowest High: 34 (11/25)
Highest Low: 63 (9/4)
Days with Highs 90 or Above: 0
Days with Highs 32 or Below: 0
Days with Lows 32 or Below: 26
Days with Lows 0 or Below: 0

Dew Point (°F)
Highest: 71 (9/5)
Lowest: 2 (11/30)

Weather
Thunderstorm Days: 2
Foggy Days: 11
Snow Days: 6

Precipitation
Total: 9.68"
Highest Daily: 1.92" (9/18)
Greatest 24-Hour: 2.00" (9/18-9/19)
Days with 0.01 Inch or More: 32
Days with 0.10 Inch or More: 15
Days with 0.50 Inch or More: 7
Days with 1.00 Inch or More: 3

Wind Speed
Highest Wind Gust: 54 mph out of the SE (10/29) *SANDY*

Sea Level Barometric Pressure
Highest: 30.75" (11/18)
Lowest: 29.05" (10/29) *SANDY*

KORE (Orange) Autumn

September 2012 Daily Data
October 2012 Daily Data
November 2012 Daily Data

Temperature (°F)
Average High: 60.1
Average Low: 38.9
Highest: 84 (9/1, 9/7)
Lowest: 15 (11/6)
Lowest High: 34 (11/27)
Highest Low: 64 (9/7)
Days with Highs 90 or Above: 0
Days with Highs 32 or Below: 0
Days with Lows 32 or Below: 31
Days with Lows 0 or Below: 0

Dew Point (°F)
Highest: 72 (9/4, 9/5, 9/8)
Lowest: -3 (11/30)

Weather
Thunderstorm Days: 5
Foggy Days: 24
Snow Days: 3

Precipitation
Total: 9.91"
Highest Daily: 1.71" (9/5)
Greatest 24-Hour: 1.88" (9/4-9/5)
Days with 0.01 Inch or More: 32
Days with 0.10 Inch or More: 16
Days with 0.50 Inch or More: 6
Days with 1.00 Inch or More: 3

Wind Speed
Highest Wind Gust: 43 mph out of the E (10/29) *SANDY*

Sea Level Barometric Pressure
Highest: 30.75" (11/18)
Lowest: 29.17" (10/29) *SANDY*